1/12 Roof Pitch

4.8 Degrees, 8.3% Slope and a 1.0035 Area Multiplier

What is a 1/12 roof pitch in degrees?

A 1/12 roof pitch is 4.8 degrees. It rises 1 inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run, which is a 8.3% slope and an area multiplier of 1.0035 — so a 2,000 square foot footprint at 1/12 is 2,007 square feet of roof.

A 1/12 roof pitch rises 1 inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run. That works out at 4.8 degrees, a slope of 8.3%, and an area multiplier of 1.0035 — so a flat footprint multiplied by 1.0035 gives the actual sloped roof surface you have to buy material for. Everything below is derived from that single ratio: the roof area at common house sizes, how many bundles of shingles it takes, whether the roof is walkable, and which coverings the code allows at this slope.

What 1/12 means in every unit

1/12 roof pitch converted
Unit	Value	What it is
Pitch	1/12	Rises 1 inches over 12 inches of run
Angle	4.8°	What a digital level or inclinometer reads
Slope	8.3%	Rise divided by run — used in drainage work
Area multiplier	1.0035	Multiply the footprint by this for the real roof area
Rafter length per foot of run	1.003 ft	Feet of rafter per foot of horizontal run

All four describe the same slope. Pitch is what a lumber yard, a truss plant and a code table use; degrees is what an instrument reads; the multiplier is the one you order material against.

Roof area and material at 1/12

Roof area, squares and bundles at 1/12 pitch
Footprint	Roof area at 1/12	Squares	Bundles at 10% waste	Bundles at 15% waste
1,000 sq ft	1,003 sq ft	10	34	35
1,500 sq ft	1,505 sq ft	15.1	50	52
2,000 sq ft	2,007 sq ft	20.1	67	70
2,500 sq ft	2,509 sq ft	25.1	83	87
3,000 sq ft	3,010 sq ft	30.1	100	104

A 1/12 roof adds 0.3% to the footprint area. On a 2,000 square foot footprint that is 7 extra square feet of covering — 0.1 squares you would not have ordered from the ground measurement alone.

Working on a 1/12 roof

Walkable with proper footwear on a dry roof.

Asphalt shingles are not permitted below 2/12. This is membrane or standing-seam territory.

Waste factor: the usual allowance still applies — 10% for a simple gable, 15% for a hip roof, up to 20% for a cut-up roof. Pitch changes the area, not the waste rule.
Labour: work above 9/12 takes roughly twice as long per square as work at 4/12, because material has to be carried rather than slid and everything needs staging.
Ventilation: unaffected by pitch. The 1/300 rule is set by attic floor area, not by slope.
Rafter length: multiply the horizontal run by 1 to get the rafter, before adding the overhang.

How to confirm your roof is 1/12

Hold a 12-inch level against a rafter in the attic, bring it level, and measure straight down from the 12-inch mark. If the drop is 1 inches, the roof is 1/12.
A digital inclinometer on a rafter should read 4.8 degrees, within a few tenths.
A speed square with a pitch scale, held against a level, reads the ratio directly.
Round to the nearest standard pitch. Rafters and trusses are cut to whole increments, so ordering against an unrounded decimal produces a roof that does not meet at the ridge.

Frequently asked questions

What is 1/12 pitch in degrees?

A 1/12 roof pitch is 4.8 degrees. Take the arctangent of 1 divided by 12. The same slope is 8.3% and has an area multiplier of 1.0035.

What is the 1/12 roof pitch multiplier?

1.0035. Multiply the building footprint by 1.0035 to get the actual sloped roof area — a 2,000 square foot footprint at 1/12 is 2,007 square feet of roof.

Can you put shingles on a 1/12 roof?

No. Asphalt shingles are not permitted below 2/12 — at 1/12 you need a membrane roof or a sealed standing-seam metal system.

Can you walk on a 1/12 roof?

Generally yes, with proper footwear on a dry roof. 1/12 is within the comfortable residential range.