Roof Pitch Chart & Multiplier Table (1/12–24/12)
Quick reference for 1/12–24/12. Includesangle (°), slope %, pitch multiplier, andhip/valley multiplier. Printable and downloadable as CSV.
| Pitch (in/12) | Angle (°) | Slope (%) | Pitch Mult. | Hip/Valley Mult. |
|---|
Values are mathematical conversions. Verify with local codes and manufacturer specs.
Comparing gauges? See the best roof pitch finders guide.
Roof Pitch Diagram (12″ Run)
Toggle density and print with the chart.
How to Read the Roof Pitch Chart
Roof pitch describes the amount of rise for every 12 inches of run. For example, a 6/12 roof rises 6 inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run. The table above converts each pitch to angle (degrees), slope percent, and two useful factors: the pitch multiplier (for rafter length and sloped area) and the hip/valley multiplier(for 45° hips and valleys).
Common Roof Pitches
- 4/12 – 6/12: Most common on homes; walkable with caution.
- 8/12 – 12/12: Steep; requires safety gear and staging.
- 2/12 – 3/12: Low slope; verify material suitability and underlayment requirements.
Formulas Used
If p = rise / run, then:
- Angle (°):
atan(p) × 180 / π - Slope %:
p × 100 - Pitch Multiplier:
√(1 + p²)(converts plan length/area to sloped) - Hip/Valley Multiplier:
√(2 + p²)(per foot of plan run at 45°)
12/9 Roof Pitch (9/12 Pitch)
A 12/9 pitch is the same as a 9/12 pitch — the roof rises 9 inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run. Converted: angle ≈ 36.87°, slope ≈ 75%, pitch multiplier ≈ 1.2500, hip/valley multiplier ≈ 1.6008. To find the true sloped roof area on a 9/12, multiply the building footprint area by 1.25.
10/12 Roof Pitch
A 10/12 pitch rises 10 inches per 12 inches of run. Angle ≈ 39.81°, slope ≈ 83.33%, pitch multiplier ≈ 1.3017, hip/valley multiplier ≈ 1.6415. Multiply the flat footprint by 1.3017 to estimate sloped area. 10/12 is steep — fall-protection and roof jacks are recommended.
Roof Pitch Multiplier Chart (Table)
The roof pitch multiplier (also called the slope factor) converts the flat (plan) area of a roof into the actual sloped surface area. The table at the top of this page lists the full roof pitch multiplier table from 1/12 through 24/12. The most-used values are: 4/12 = 1.0541, 6/12 = 1.1180, 8/12 = 1.2019, 9/12 = 1.2500, 10/12 = 1.3017, 12/12 = 1.4142.
Roof Pitch in Degrees Chart
To convert any pitch to degrees, use angle = atan(rise/12) × 180/π. Common conversions: 3/12 = 14.04°, 4/12 = 18.43°, 5/12 = 22.62°, 6/12 = 26.57°, 7/12 = 30.26°, 8/12 = 33.69°, 9/12 = 36.87°, 10/12 = 39.81°, 12/12 = 45.00°. The full roof pitch in degrees chartfrom 1/12 to 24/12 is in the table above.
Quick Example
For a 7/12 roof: p = 7/12 = 0.5833. Angle ≈ 30.26°, Slope ≈ 58.33%, Pitch Multiplier ≈ 1.1619, Hip/Valley ≈ 1.6660.
Related Tools
Need a full estimate? Try the Roof Pitch Calculator, Roof Area Calculator, Shingles Calculator, Plywood / OSB Calculator, and Roofing Nails Calculator.
Always follow local codes and manufacturer instructions. Steep-slope work requires fall protection and qualified installers.
Roof Pitch Chart – FAQs
What is the most common roof pitch?
In residential construction, 4/12 to 6/12 is most common. These are workable slopes with good water shedding.
How do I convert pitch to degrees?
Use angle = atan(rise/run) × 180/π. The table above lists the angle for each 1/12 increment.
What is a pitch multiplier?
It’s the factor to convert plan length or area to the sloped length/area of a roof surface: √(1 + (rise/run)²).
Do I use the hip/valley multiplier for all roofs?
Use it when estimating material along 45° hips/valleys. Check plan geometry and manufacturer guidelines.
Worked examples updated . Every figure below is computed with the same formulas as the calculator.
What the three numbers in the chart mean
Pitch is the rise over a 12-inch run. The angle in degrees is arctan(rise ÷ 12). The multiplier is the length of the sloped side divided by 12, which is √(1 + (rise ÷ 12)²). Multiply a flat footprint by it and you get the roof surface you actually have to cover. The hip/valley column does the same job for the diagonal where two slopes meet at 45° in plan. To work out a pitch you have measured, use the roof pitch calculator; to apply the multiplier to your footprint, the roof area calculator.
Half-pitch chart: 0.5/12 to 11.5/12
Trusses, sheds and additions are often framed to half-inch pitches that the whole-number chart above skips. Same formulas, same precision.
| Pitch | Angle | Slope % | Multiplier | Hip/valley |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5/12 | 2.39° | 4.2% | 1.0009 | 1.4148 |
| 1.5/12 | 7.13° | 12.5% | 1.0078 | 1.4197 |
| 2.5/12 | 11.77° | 20.8% | 1.0215 | 1.4295 |
| 3.5/12 | 16.26° | 29.2% | 1.0417 | 1.4440 |
| 4.5/12 | 20.56° | 37.5% | 1.0680 | 1.4631 |
| 5.5/12 | 24.62° | 45.8% | 1.1000 | 1.4866 |
| 6.5/12 | 28.44° | 54.2% | 1.1373 | 1.5144 |
| 7.5/12 | 32.01° | 62.5% | 1.1792 | 1.5462 |
| 8.5/12 | 35.31° | 70.8% | 1.2255 | 1.5817 |
| 9.5/12 | 38.37° | 79.2% | 1.2754 | 1.6207 |
| 10.5/12 | 41.19° | 87.5% | 1.3288 | 1.6630 |
| 11.5/12 | 43.78° | 95.8% | 1.3851 | 1.7083 |
Degrees to pitch: reading the chart backwards
A phone level or inclinometer gives you degrees. To get the pitch, take 12 x tan(angle) and round to the nearest half inch — rafters, trusses and code tables all use whole or half pitches.
| Angle | Exact rise per 12 in | Nearest standard pitch | Multiplier |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5° | 1.05 in | 1/12 | 1.0038 |
| 10° | 2.12 in | 2/12 | 1.0154 |
| 14° | 2.99 in | 3/12 | 1.0306 |
| 15° | 3.22 in | 3/12 | 1.0353 |
| 18.43° | 4.00 in | 4/12 | 1.0541 |
| 20° | 4.37 in | 4.5/12 | 1.0642 |
| 22.5° | 4.97 in | 5/12 | 1.0824 |
| 25° | 5.60 in | 5.5/12 | 1.1034 |
| 26.57° | 6.00 in | 6/12 | 1.1181 |
| 30° | 6.93 in | 7/12 | 1.1547 |
| 33.69° | 8.00 in | 8/12 | 1.2018 |
| 35° | 8.40 in | 8.5/12 | 1.2208 |
| 40° | 10.07 in | 10/12 | 1.3054 |
| 45° | 12.00 in | 12/12 | 1.4142 |
| 50° | 14.30 in | 14.5/12 | 1.5557 |
| 60° | 20.78 in | 21/12 | 2.0000 |
Worked example: A level reads 33.7° on the rafter
- 12 x tan(33.7°) = 8.00 inches of rise per foot.
- The nearest standard pitch is 8/12, which the chart lists as 33.69°.
- Order material with the 8/12 multiplier, 1.2019: a 1,600 sq ft footprint is 1,923 sq ft of roof before waste.
Read the angle, convert it once, then work only in pitch and multiplier. Mixing degrees into a material order is how roofs come up a bundle short.
Worked example: Using the hip/valley multiplier
- A hip roof at 6/12 has a horizontal run of 14 ft from the wall line to the ridge on each side.
- The hip rafter runs diagonally, so multiply that run by the 6/12 hip/valley factor, 1.5000.
- 14 x 1.5000 = 21.00 ft along each hip, before the overhang.
Four hips on a simple hip roof is about 84 linear feet of hip to cap. Use that figure in the ridge cap calculator.
Tabla de grados de inclinación del techo (resumen en español)
La pendiente de un techo se expresa como pulgadas de subida por cada 12 pulgadas de recorrido horizontal. Para convertirla a grados se usa arctan(subida ÷ 12); el multiplicador de área es √(1 + (subida ÷ 12)²) y convierte el área en planta en área real del techo.
| Pendiente | Grados | Porcentaje | Multiplicador |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2/12 | 9.46° | 16.7% | 1.014 |
| 3/12 | 14.04° | 25% | 1.031 |
| 4/12 | 18.43° | 33.3% | 1.054 |
| 5/12 | 22.62° | 41.7% | 1.083 |
| 6/12 | 26.57° | 50% | 1.118 |
| 7/12 | 30.26° | 58.3% | 1.158 |
| 8/12 | 33.69° | 66.7% | 1.202 |
| 9/12 | 36.87° | 75% | 1.250 |
| 10/12 | 39.81° | 83.3% | 1.302 |
| 12/12 | 45.00° | 100% | 1.414 |
Have the pitch, need the roof? The gable roof calculator uses it to give rafter length, ridge height, roof area and bundles.
A page for every roof pitch
Each page gives one pitch in degrees, slope percentage and multiplier, with roof area, bundles and walkability for that slope.
0.5/12 roof pitch · 1/12 roof pitch · 1.5/12 roof pitch · 2/12 roof pitch · 2.5/12 roof pitch · 3/12 roof pitch · 3.5/12 roof pitch · 4/12 roof pitch · 4.5/12 roof pitch · 5/12 roof pitch · 5.5/12 roof pitch · 6/12 roof pitch · 6.5/12 roof pitch · 7/12 roof pitch · 7.5/12 roof pitch · 8/12 roof pitch · 8.5/12 roof pitch · 9/12 roof pitch · 9.5/12 roof pitch · 10/12 roof pitch · 10.5/12 roof pitch · 11/12 roof pitch · 11.5/12 roof pitch · 12/12 roof pitch · 13/12 roof pitch · 14/12 roof pitch · 15/12 roof pitch · 16/12 roof pitch · 17/12 roof pitch · 18/12 roof pitch · 20/12 roof pitch · 21/12 roof pitch · 22/12 roof pitch · 24/12 roof pitch
More roof pitch questions
What is a 10/12 pitch in degrees?
39.81 degrees. A 10/12 roof rises 10 inches per foot, an 83.3% slope, with an area multiplier of 1.3017.
What is a 3/12 pitch in degrees?
14.04 degrees, a 25% slope, multiplier 1.0308. Asphalt shingles are allowed at 3/12 but need a doubled underlayment layer under most codes.
What is a 6.5/12 roof pitch in degrees?
28.44 degrees, a 54.2% slope, multiplier 1.1373. It sits between 6/12 (26.57°) and 7/12 (30.26°).
What degree is a 9/12 pitch?
36.87 degrees. A 9/12 roof rises 9 inches per foot of run, a 75% slope, with an area multiplier of 1.2500 — so every 100 sq ft of footprint is 125 sq ft of roof.
Is a pitch factor chart the same as a roof pitch multiplier chart?
Yes. Pitch factor, slope factor and roof pitch multiplier all name the same number: the length of the sloped roof per foot of horizontal run, √(1 + (rise ÷ 12)²). Multiply the footprint area by it to get the roof area.
How do I convert degrees to roof pitch?
Multiply 12 by the tangent of the angle. 30 degrees gives 12 x 0.577 = 6.93, so a 30-degree roof is just under 7/12. Round to the nearest half inch to match framing.
· Reviewed by the Smart Roofing Calculator editorial team